Modelling Of 3 Phase Transmission Line Engineering Essay

fabricling Of 3 Phase transmitting ocellus Engineering Essay transmitting mental strain is a speciality to transmit electric automobile energy from one place to another for long distances with the aim is to reduce and economically. potential difference, current, military unit and violence factor atomic number 18 the main point essential be exacted at the s terminaling end and receiving end. Typically, in Malaysia the disk overhead contagion take up was used because cost and maintenance scum bag be handle easily. As we know, the transmission business organisation produced high strength of electric and charismatic field beneath the bulk large. Based on that, this give go forth seating transmission puff victimization Finite Element method (FEM) focus on level voltage 275kV. The issuance of simulation of the transmission line forgeling will analyze electric and magnetized field under transmission line tower.2.0 Problem statementIt is well known understand that the transmission system root for 275kV produced high strength of electric and magnetic field under the tower. In other member, the field strength of electric field may prepare higher stress to the tower that may too tend to create high risk to the tower as well as to the insulator to be used. Another issue is how much tendency of magnetic field to be effect to the human and environment has be identified wisely. However, the real measurement under 275kV transmission line tower may give high risk. Therefore, the best idea is to carry out the information as mention above is by performing simulation study.3.0 ObjectiveTo store the 275kV transmitting Line specification.To standard the 275kV Transmission Line victimization Finite Element Method (FEM)To simulate the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)To analyze the electric magnetic field generated by the 275kV Transmission Line model4.0 ScopeThe ambit of this project are -Specification is based on TenagaNa sionalBerhad (TNB) 275kV Transmission Line.Transmission Line modelling using Finite Element Method (FEM) software.5.0 Literature cogitation and project backgroundAnelectric power systemis a network of electrical components used to supply, transmit and use electric power. The main parts of electric power system aregeneration, transmission system, distribution system and load. At generation part, to generate an electrical energy on large scale, energy must be generate from the various sources energy such as oil, natural gas and other. Then, the transmission system transmit or carries current that generate from generation and distribution system feeds electric to load such as consumer and industry. This project will discuss farther about transmission line system.15.1 Transmission LineTransmission line or power line are important part in power network. many other than that, based on theory, transmission line also can be describe as propagation of electric waves along the transmission line. There are many factor must consider to design transmission line. Such as transmission voltage level, types of tower, environment and others. The transmission line also can be constructed in two ways, overhead transmission line and underground transmission line.5.1.1 Underground Transmission LineIn underground system, the cable must be selective because all music director must be insulated in this system. Therefore, the voltage level for this system will below 66kV cause difficult to find insulation for high voltage. Underground transmission line usually use at crowded areas because the cable used preferred compare with overhead use bare music director not qualified at that areas.15.1.2 Overhead Transmission LineOverhead transmission line usually use for transmit electric for over long distances. In this system, set among the tower and the conductor are very important cause to avoid an electric discharge between the conductors. The appropriate spacing between the conducto r will produce insulation between them. This system also expose to fault such as short circuit, breakage of line and lightening. But it slatternly to troubleshoot and repair compare to underground transmission line. However, it difficult to find exact point of fault cause transmission line are very long. another(prenominal) than that, between the tower and the conductor must project insulation to make the transmission more safety when do it maintenance. 15.2 Types of Transmission LineTransmission line be separated two part AC transmission line voltage and High Voltage DC transmission line (HVDC).5.2.1 High Voltage DC Transmission LineThe main factor affecting the cost of energy increases is the process of transmission lines to transmit the power to the load away from power generation. To overcome this issue that is usually make AC transmission line is using HVDC transmission line.The HVDC transmission line requires conversion at two ends, from AC to DC at the sending end and bac k to AC at the receiving end. The converter are static using high power thyristors connected in serial to give the required voltage ratings. The physical process of conversion is such that the same station can switch from rectifier to inverter by simple book action, thus facilitating power reversal.2Figure 5.2.1 Variation of costs with line length4Figure above show the variation of costs of transmission line with distance for AC and DC transmission. Based on figure, before break however distance, cost of AC transmission is reasonable and economical than DC transmission. before the break even distance point, the distance is around 500 to 800 km, so after that point or longer distance HVDC transmission line more economical than AC transmission.25.2.2 AC Transmission LineTransmission line also can be classified into three types such as short transmission line, medium transmission line and long transmission line. For short transmission a length less than 80km, medium transmission be tween 80km until 240km and long transmission have length more 240km. Normally, the power grids also have three level of voltage High voltage (HV), medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV). In Malaysia, based on fact from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), AC transmission line have standard voltage called National Grid. Below are standard voltage of AC transmission line-i) 132kVii) 275kViii) 500kV5.3 Modelling Transmission LineFor this project focus on 275kV transmission line modelling. Before go through below some journal refer to this project.Based on journal titled Modelling and Analysing of a 275kV HVAC Transmission Line for Power System Transient Studies written by M. Z. A. Ab Kadir and C. Y Jay. In this journal, it discuss the efficiency and power losses of transmission line via the concept of travelling wave. This case study had be done at Kampung Awah- Paka, Terengganu. This typography was model transmission line using PSCAD/EMTDC software which they want analyze the efficiency b etween the frequency dependent model and PI- ingredient model.Before design or model transmission line on simulation, this paper had consider three important parameter such as series resistance, series inductance and shunt capacitor. Based on tower information below, this paper obtained the parameter such as resistance, inductance and capacitance via calculation. From the information are given, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) such as Table 1, design PI-section model.Line nameKAWA-PAKATower typeSystemVoltagefrequencyLine lengthConductor diameter plunk spacingGround to conductor heightHorizontal spacingVertical spacingDouble circuit latticeThree phase275kV50Hz160km24.16mm400mm126307300mm13000mmTable 5.3 tilt of 275kV KAWA-PAKA lattice tower1After consider all parameter, this paper construct design PI-section model using PSCAD/EMTDC software for 160km an overhead transmission line. To model 160km an overhead transmission line, this paper used eight identical pi-sections are connected ser ies which each PI-section represent 20km of transmission line. By terminating the surge immunity at the end of transmission line, the efficiency can be measure.Figure 5.3.1 Line surge impedance using PI-section model 1For the frequency dependent model, this project used it as a reference cause it is the most accurate model. From this model also, we can learn the transient or harmonic behaviour of a line. Figure 2 show frequency dependent model.Figure 5.3.2 Line surge impedance using frequency dependent model1Both model are carried out using three different test such as, short circuit test, open circuit test and line surge impedance test. Line surge impedance test is a real line with minimum losses and both other are used to demonstrate the behaviour of the travelling wave.SectionModel% differencesPi-sectionFreq. DependentPi-sectionFreq. Dependent12345678273.59272.72271.87271.04270.24269.69268.69267.95272.97271.28269.32267.10264.63263.55263.01262.220.330.650.961.261.551.842.112.380 .561.171.882.693.593.984.184.47Table 5.4 outline of Pi-section and Frequency dependent model event of output voltage of each 20km section are summarized in Table above. From the Table, result of this project show the output voltage of Pi-section model and Frequency Dependent model are approximately same. In the real transmission line system, we expect voltage level before step up or step down at substation are maintain. Based on Table above, compare the output voltage of the Frequency dependent low than Pi section because the frequency dependent model consider all losses such as hysteresis, corona effect, eddy current losses in nearby ferromagnetic materials and induced losses in nearby short circuited non ferromagnetic material while Pi-section model only consider proximity effect and skin effect. conclude from that, the efficiency both model are acceptable and approximately same. An efficiency percentage for Pi-section model is 97.6% and Frequency dependent model 95.5%. This pro ject successful in modelled Pi-section model using PSCAD/EDMTC software and analyzed by compare with Frequency dependent model.3Second journal titled Power cling Assesment in Transmission Lines using Simulink Model with UPFC written by Ch. Chengajah and R. V. S.Satyanarayana. This paper discuss about the performance of a single and double transmission line system (6.6/22)kV using UPFC or without UPFC model. UPFC is a Unified Power Flow Controller which it can improve capability of power transfer or in other word to provide comprehensive agree of power flow in transmission system.4This paper model the transmission line using Simulink to connected with UPFC model. Figure below show the transmission line model with UPFC device by using Simulink. From the figure show the double circuit 22kV and 6.6kV interconnected with UPFC model. UPFC device function to control voltage profile as the real and reactive power in the transmission line.4Figure5.3.2 Transmission line model with UPFC devi ce4Table below show the result of power flow and voltage profile transmission line model with UPFC and without UPFC.Parameter6.6kV Line22kV LineWithout UPFCWith UPFCWithout UPFCWith UPFCVoltage magnitude(kV)2.9262.9619.7545.162Real Power(MW)0.2740.2813.0500.854Reactive Power(Mvar)0.2050.2102.2800.639Table 5.5 Result power flow and voltage profile4Based on table above, this paper compare three parameter such as voltage magnitude, real power and reactive power. From that, an improvement can see for both transmission line when interconnect with UPFC. From that, this paper suggest improvement in transmission line system.45.5 SummaryBased on both journal discussed different step to model transmission line. For first journal, using PSCAD software, the paper make comparison efficiency between PI-section model and Frequency Dependent model. The paper construct by consider parameter such as resistance, inductance and capacitor to model transmission line. Then, PI-section model had been const ruct which each PI-model represent 20km. The simulation had be done not like real transmission line system but result at end of experiment approximately same.Figure 5.3.1 Line surge impedance using PI-section model 3For second journal, it use MATLAB/SIMULINK software to model transmission line. This paper discuss about function Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in transmission system to improve voltage and power profile. This paper also consider value parameter such as resistance, inductance and capacitor to construct the model.Figure 5.5 22kV Transmission Line Simulink Model2Figure 5.5 above show theoretical account 22kV transmission line simulink model. At this end of this paper show result comparison between transmission line system with and without Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).Therefore, this project propose to use Finite Element Method(FEM) to model transmission line. This project will model transmission line like a real transmission line using specification Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). This project focus on 275kV HVAC transmission line and will model like real tower for 275kV transmission line. Besides that, significant of this project also can see electric and magnetic field at transmission line. From that, this project analyze further about effect electric field and magnetic field to human and environment.6.0 MethodologyStartCollect the 275kV Transmission Line specification.Model the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Troubleshooting simulationSimulate the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Results Electric field and magnetic fieldAnalyze the electric magnetic field generated by the 275kV Transmission Line modelEndFigure 6.0 Flow chart of Final twelvemonth Project6.1 Collect the 275kV Transmission Line specification.In this process, the specification of info of 275kV tower in Malaysia is needed to be collect from TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad). The data that need to be collect is the tower heigh t from ground level, the distance between phase to ground, the distance between phase to phase, and distance between ground wire to phase. Other than that, types and size conductor that used for 275kV also need to collect.6.2 Model the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Based on data collection, model transmission lines tower with the conductor such as specification that used by TNB using Finite Element Method (FEM).6.3 Simulate the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM).For this step, simulate the model transmission line 275kV that construct before using Finite Element Method (FEM).6.4 Results Electric field and magnetic fieldThe expected result are to modelling transmission lines using new method using FEM. Other than that, this project also expected to produce electric field and magnetic field at transmission lines from one point to next point.6.5 Analyze the electric magnetic field generated by the 275kV Transmission LineAnalyze the ele ctric magnetic field around transmission line 275kV model based on pomp from simulation.7.0 Expected Results/BenefitThe result of this project should be able to design transmission line model using Finite Element Method (FEM) where the model must satisfied 275kV transmission line specification from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The model are include electric field and magnetic field. From that, analyze the result based on electric field and magnetic field around the transmission line model. This project will develop new method and new software to model transmission line with electric field and magnetic field by using Finite Element Method (FEM) from ANSYS Maxwell.8.0 MilestonesTaskDate expectation sail through literature review on the design of Three Phase Transmission Line including the characteristic needed in design modeling.Nov 2012 cop search and collect data of 275kV transmission lineJan 2013Complete analyze the function of Finite Element Method to calculate the magnetic fiel d and electric field.March 2013Complete design optimizationApril 2013Complete testing model with different parameter and analyzeMay 2013Final report writing (including paper/journal writing) and unveilingJune 2013